These questions will cover the broad field of Biology, including topics such as the classification of living things, evolution, ecosystems, basic genetics and heredity, and some aspects of human anatomy.
Direction: Choose the letter of the correct answer.
1. What is the basic unit of life?
a. Cell
b. Atom
c. Molecule
d. Organ
Answer: a. Cell
2. Which of the following is NOT one of the three domains of life?
a. Bacteria
b. Fungi
c. Archaea
d. Eukarya
Answer: b. Fungi
3. What is the process by which plants convert sunlight into food?
a. Respiration
b. Photosynthesis
c. Fermentation
d. Digestion
Answer: b. Photosynthesis
4. What are the building blocks of proteins?
a. Nucleotides
b. Amino acids
c. Monosaccharides
d. Fatty acids
Answer: b. Amino acids
5. Which of the following is a characteristic of eukaryotic cells?
a. No nucleus
b. Circular DNA
c. Membrane-bound organelles
d. Always unicellular
Answer: c. Membrane-bound organelles
6. Which of the following is NOT a type of RNA?
a. Messenger RNA (mRNA)
b. Transfer RNA (tRNA)
c. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
d. Deoxyribonucleic RNA (dRNA)
Answer: d. Deoxyribonucleic RNA (dRNA)
7. Who is known as the "father of modern genetics"?
a. Charles Darwin
b. Gregor Mendel
c. James Watson
d. Rosalind Franklin
Answer: b. Gregor Mendel
8. What is the process by which organisms with favorable traits are more likely to survive and reproduce?
a. Adaptation
b. Mutation
c. Natural selection
d. Genetic drift
Answer: c. Natural selection
9. Which of the following is NOT a component of the cell membrane?
a. Phospholipids
b. Proteins
c. Cholesterol
d. Nucleic acids
Answer: d. Nucleic acids
10. What type of blood vessel carries blood away from the heart?
a. Artery
b. Vein
c. Capillary
d. Lymphatic vessel
Answer: a. Artery
11. Which of the following is a product of cellular respiration?
a. Glucose
b. Oxygen
c. Carbon dioxide
d. Sunlight
Answer: c. Carbon dioxide
12. What are the small, hair-like structures that help move substances across the surface of some cells called?
a. Flagella
b. Cilia
c. Pseudopodia
d. Microtubules
Answer: b. Cilia
13. Which of the following is a nucleotide base found in DNA but not in RNA?
a. Adenine
b. Guanine
c. Cytosine
d. Thymine
Answer: d. Thymine
14. What is the process by which a cell divides its genetic material and cytoplasm to produce two identical daughter cells?
a. Mitosis
b. Meiosis
c. Fission
d. Fusion
Answer: a. Mitosis
15. Which organelle is responsible for producing energy in the form of ATP?
a. Nucleus
b. Ribosome
c. Mitochondria
d. Endoplasmic reticulum
Answer: c. Mitochondria
16. Which of the following is a type of passive transport that does not require energy input?
a. Diffusion
b. Active transport
c. Endocytosis
d. Exocytosis
Answer: a. Diffusion
17. What is the term for a group of similar cells that work together to perform a specific function?
a. Organ
b. Tissue
c. Organ system
d. Organism
Answer: b. Tissue
18. What type of organism breaks down dead or decaying organic matter?
a. Producer
b. Consumer
c. Decomposer
d. Scavenger
Answer: c. Decomposer
19. In which part of the cell does transcription take place?
a. Nucleus
b. Ribosome
c. Mitochondria
d. Endoplasmic reticulum
Answer: a. Nucleus
20. What is the name of the functional and structural unit of the nervous system?
a. Nephron
b. Neuron
c. Myocyte
d. Osteocyte
Answer: b. Neuron
21. Which of the following is NOT one of the four major types of biological macromolecules?
a. Carbohydrates
b. Lipids
c. Proteins
d. Salts
22. What is the term for a change in an organism's genetic material that may result in a new trait?
a. Mutation
b. Adaptation
c. Selection
d. Speciation
23. Which of the following is the main component of the plant cell wall?
a. Chitin
b. Cellulose
c. Keratin
d. Collagen
24. Which type of cell division results in the formation of gametes?
a. Mitosis
b. Meiosis
c. Binary fission
d. Budding
25. What is the term for a group of populations living in the same area and interacting with one another?
a. Ecosystem
b. Community
c. Habitat
d. Niche
26. What is the process by which water is taken up by plant roots, transported through the plant, and released into the atmosphere as water vapor?
a. Photosynthesis
b. Transpiration
c. Respiration
d. Absorption
27. What type of symbiotic relationship benefits both organisms involved?
a. Mutualism
b. Commensalism
c. Parasitism
d. Predation
28. What is the term for the process by which one species splits into two or more species?
a. Speciation
b. Divergence
c. Convergence
d. Selection
29. Which of the following is an example of a vestigial structure in humans?
a. Appendix
b. Wisdom teeth
c. Coccyx
d. All of the above
30. Which of the following is NOT a function of the liver?
a. Detoxification
b. Protein synthesis
c. Glucose regulation
d. Gas exchange
31. Which process enables plants to release oxygen as a byproduct?
a. Cellular respiration
b. Photosynthesis
c. Fermentation
d. Digestion
32. Which of the following is the correct order of organization in living organisms, from smallest to largest?
a. Cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
b. Organism, organ system, organ, tissue, cell
c. Tissue, cell, organ, organism, organ system
d. Organ, organ system, tissue, cell, organism
33. What is the term for the study of the relationships between living organisms and their environment?
a. Ecology
b. Ethology
c. Evolution
d. Genetics
34. What is the primary function of the small intestine?
a. Absorption of nutrients
b. Production of digestive enzymes
c. Storage of waste products
d. Breakdown of large food particles
35. Which of the following is an example of a prokaryotic organism?
a. Bacteria
b. Fungi
c. Algae
d. Protozoa
36. What is the main function of red blood cells?
a. Immune response
b. Oxygen transport
c. Clotting
d. Waste removal
37. What is the name for a group of organisms of the same species living in the same area?
a. Ecosystem
b. Community
c. Population
d. Habitat
38. In a food chain, which type of organism converts sunlight into usable energy?
a. Producer
b. Primary consumer
c. Secondary consumer
d. Tertiary consumer
39. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of all living organisms?
a. Growth and development
b. Ability to reproduce
c. Ability to move
d. Ability to perform photosynthesis
40. What structure in the human body is responsible for producing insulin?
a. Liver
b. Pancreas
c. Kidney
d. Gallbladder
41. Which of the following is NOT a type of lipid?
a. Triglycerides
b. Steroids
c. Phospholipids
d. Polysaccharides
42. What is the term for the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane?
a. Diffusion
b. Osmosis
c. Active transport
d. Endocytosis
43. What is the main function of the large intestine?
a. Absorption of water and electrolytes
b. Digestion of food
c. Absorption of nutrients
d. Production of hormones
44. What is the primary function of the respiratory system?
a. Oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange
b. Nutrient absorption
c. Waste excretion
d. Circulation
45. In a DNA molecule, which base pairs with adenine (A)?
a. Guanine (G)
b. Cytosine (C)
c. Thymine (T)
d. Uracil (U)
46. What is the main function of white blood cells?
a. Immune response
b. Oxygen transport
c. Clotting
d. Waste removal
47. Which of the following is NOT a function of the skeletal system?
a. Support
b. Protection
c. Movement
d. Hormone production
48. What is the term for a reaction in which a molecule gains electrons?
a. Oxidation
b. Reduction
c. Hydrolysis
d. Dehydration synthesis
49. What is the main function of the circulatory system?
a. Oxygen and nutrient transport
b. Gas exchange
c. Waste removal
d. Hormone production
50. What is the main function of the urinary system?
a. Waste removal
b. Gas exchange
c. Nutrient absorption
d. Oxygen and carbon dioxide transport
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